Optimal control method for photovoltaic,energy storage,direct current and flexibility (PEDF) integrated low-carbon cooling systems

Building air conditioning cooling systems,distinguished by their high energy consumption nature and load variability,exert substantial pressure on power grid operations during summer peak demand periods.The realization of synergistic coordination between cooling systems and distributed photovoltaic-energy storage systems not only improves building operational economics and decarbonization performance,but also critically enhances the power grid’s capacity for renewable energy integration.This research proposes a dual-layer collaborative optimization architecture combining day-ahead scheduling optimization and real-time efficient control for photovoltaic,energy storage,direct current (DC) and flexibility (PEDF) integrated low-carbon cooling systems,with technical validity verified through dynamic simulations of representative Chinese engineering prototypes.Case analyses reveal that under the economic-driven operation mode,DC power systems demonstrate a photovoltaic self-consumption rate of 88.2%,while alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) hybrid power architectures achieve full self-sufficiency with 100% photovoltaic energy utilization.Comparative assessments demonstrate 31% reduction in operational expenditure,16.1% decrease in carbon emissions,and optimized cooling production cost reaching 0.086 yuan/(kW·h),collectively evidencing superior techno-economic performance and substantial decarbonization potential.